1337 


* 

DurK&m  Sy^em  of 
Hou$q  Dr^iD^e 


AVERY  LIBRARY 
COLOMBIA  UNIVERSITY 


Furnished  with  the  Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


Alexander  Pope, 

PRESIDENT. 


Francis  LkBaron, 


C.  G.  Cunningham, 


vice  prbs’t  and  sec. 


treasurer. 


The  Durham  Patent  System 

OF 

Screw-Joint 

Iron  [Jouse -[Drainage, 

MANUFACTURED  BY  THE 


Durh  am  H ouse-  I)  rain  age  Co. 


OF  NEW  ENGLAND. 


34  Boy Iston  Street,  Cor.  Tremont  Street, 

(Room  No.  4,  Hotel  Pelham,) 
Boston,  PvTasss. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


\ 

Ctmus 

At 

https://archive.org/details/durhampatentsystOOdurh 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


3 


“Drainage”  and  “Plumbing.” 

The  distinction  to  be  made  between  these  terms  is  this : 

DRAINAGE  includes  the  drains,  soil-pipes,  waste- 
pipes  (from  basins,  baths,  sinks,  etc.),  and  trap  ventilating 
pipes  (for  prevention  of  siphonage).* 

PLUMBING  includes  hot  and  cold  water  circulation 
pipes,  and  the  setting  and  attaching  of  fixtures. 

A permanently  perfect  system  of  drainage  is 
a vital  necessity. 

Defective  plumbing  causes  annoyance  and  expense, 
but  way  not  be  detrimental  to  health. 

This  Company  makes  a specialty  of  constructing  house  drainage ; 
by  confining  attention  to  one  subject  we  have  been  able  to  increase 
the  efficiency  of  the"  Durham  System  from  year  to  year,  and  to  reduce 
the  cost  fully  one-half  since  its  first  introduction  in  1879. ; 

Drainage  is  of  primary  importance.  If  buildings 
are  furnished  with  the  Durham  System  the  balance  of  the 
plumbing  can  be  safely  intrusted  to  local  plumbers. 

Submit  plans  to  us  for  an  estimate  of  cost  before 
letting  any  contracts.  If  the  expenditure  for  plumbing 
must  be  limited,  curtail  the  amount  rather  than  accept 
work  of  inferior  quality. 

Drainage  system  in  new  buildings  should  be 
placed  in  position  about  the  time  the  roof  is  put  on. 


'/See  explanatory  engraving,  pages  16-17. 


DURHAM  DRAINAGE  FITTINGS 

are  made  with  an  interior  shoulder  (as  shown  in  the 
cut  above)  securing  a flush  inner  surface.  Ordinary 
steam  fittings  have  an  interior  depression  (as  below) 
and  are  not  suitable  for  drainage  purposes. 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


S 


The  Durham  System 

may  be  broadly  described  as  a combination  of  scientific 
design,  proper  materials,  and  correct  mechanical  construc- 
tion,— a common-sense  application  of  obvious  means  to  secure 
a result  of  vital  importance. 

The  design  of  the  work,  the  materials  used,  and  the 
workmanship  employed  are  an  entire  departure  from  the 
ordinary  plumbing  practice. 

The  result  attained  is  a system  of  pipes  which  are  inde- 
pendent of  the  building  for  support , which  cannot  be  cracked 
or  broken , and  whose  joints  are  permanently  gas-tight  beyond 
the  shadow  of  a doubt. 

Proper  mechanical  construction  is  the  foundation 
of  good  drainage.  The  Durham  System  is  a drainage 
apparatus  constructed  with  wrought-iron  (steam)  pipe  and 
heavy  cast-iron  fittings  of  special  shapes,  screwed  together. 
This  apparatus,  when  erected  in  a building,  is  steam-tight, 
elastic  under  pressure,  and  at  all  points  absolutely  invulner- 
able; it  will  last,  unimpaired,  as  long  as  any  building  will 
stand — without  any  outlay  for  repairs. 

PATENTED  . — The  Durham  System  is  fully  covered  by 
patents.  No  patent  could  be  obtained  on  the  use  of  wrought-iron 
pipe,  or  screw  joints,  for  drainage  purposes;  but  the  combination  of 
wrought-iron  pipe  and  special  screwed  fittings,  which  constitute  a 
“new  and  improved ” drainage  apparatuses  patentable.  The  cost  of 
the  Durham  System  to  the  public,  however,  is  no  greater  for  the 
patents.  They  were  secured  for  protection,  and  are  not  used  for 
extortion. 

Durham  fittings  are  manufactured  solely  by  this 
Company,  and  cannot  be  purchased  elsewhere.  Imitations 
of  the  Durham  System,  constructed  partly  with  ordinary 
steam  fittings  and  other  foreign  materials,  are  occasionally 
palmed  off  on  unsuspecting  and  too-credulous  customers. 
Order  your  drainage  direct  from  this  Company 
or  its  authorized  agents. 


Sewer  Connection  (Durham  System),  NEW  YORK  CANCER  HOSPITAL— From  Engineering  News. 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


7 


Mechanical  Advantages. 

Joints:  The  screw  threads  on  the  pipes  and  in  the 
fittings  are  cut  by  powerful  machines,  run  by  steam  power, 
to  standard  gauge,  so  that  they  exactly  correspond.  The 
threads  are  tapering,  so  that  the  further  the  pipe  enters  the 
fitting  the  tighter  becomes  the  joint  between  the  two.  The 
threads  are  first  covered  with  a thick  paste  of  red  lead  and 
oil  and  the  pipe  then  screwed  home  by  means  of  steam- 
fitters’  chain  tongs,  by  which  a man  can  exert  a powerful 
leverage.  This  work  requires  no  skill  — merely  strength  — 
and  it  is  done  in  a moment.  A laborer  can  make  a tighter 
screw  joint  in  one  minute  than  a plumber  with  his  materials 
could  make  in  one  hour. 

Exposing  Pipes  : Pipes  should  not  be  buried  under- 
ground (within  the  building),  nor  hidden  within  the  walls. 
It  is  a great  satisfaction  to  be  able  at  any  time  to  examine 
drains  and  soil-pipes  without  the  expense  of  tearing  up. 
With  the  Durham  System  there  is  absolutely  no  objection 
to  their  being  in  plain  sight  everywhere;  there  are  no  joints 
between  floor  and  ceiling;  the  pipes  can  be  painted  or 
bronzed,  and  do  not  betray  their  use  or  purpose  in  any 
manner.  They  simply  look  like  steam  pipes, — which  they 
actually  are, — and  the  public  have  long  been  accustomed 
to  the  presence  of  steam-heating  pipes.  In  the  New-York 
Cancer  Hospital  3000  feet  of  our  drainage  pipes  are  in 
plain  view,  except  where  they  pass  through  the  floors.  At 
the  School  of  Mines,  Columbia  College,  the  store  of  Messrs. 
Brooks  Brothers,  2 2d  Street  and  Broadway,  the  De  Vinne 
Press,  and  many  other  buildings,  the  Durham  System  is 
similarly  arranged. 

Smaller  Pipes  can  be  used  because  of  the  absolute 
interior  smoothness, — one  inch  in  diameter  less  than  is  safe 
for  plumbers’  work.  This  effects  a considerable  saving. 
One  j -inch  pipe  serves  two  houses  at  Pullman. 

1 a 


General  arrangement  of  Drainage  and  Ventilation  Pipes  in  the  DEVINNE  PRESS  BUILDING,  Lafayette  Place  and  4th  Street, 
Messrs.  Babb,  Cook  &-  Willard,  Architects.  (The  Century  Magazine.) 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


9 


Changes  and  Additions  of  fixtures  are  easily  and 
skillfully  made,  at  very  small  expense,  without  disturbing 
neighboring  joints.  We  have  inserted  water-closet  fittings 
in  the  middle  of  soil-pipe  stacks,  one  hundred  feet  high,  at 
a trifling  expense. 

H and -holes,  closed  by  screw  plugs,  are  provided  at 
every  change  of  direction.  The  owner,  with  the  aid  of  a 
wrench,  can  examine  the  interior  condition  of  his  drains,  or 
remove  an  obstruction,  without  incurring  a plumber’s  bill  of 
expenses. 

Tests  can  be  made  conveniently  when  the  Durham  Sys- 
tem is  finished,  by  screwing  plugs  into  all  openings  and 
turning  on  steam,  or  filling  the  System  with  mater  to  the  tops 
of  soil-pipes.  No  other  than  a pressure  test  of  drainage  is 
of  any  value. 


OPPOSITION 

TO  THE  INTRODUCTION  OF  THE  DURHAM  SYSTEM. 

With  some  honorable  exceptions,  the  plumbing  trade  generally  have 
vigorously  opposed  the  introduction  of  the  Durham  System.  This  was 
to  be  expected,  as  innovations  are  objectionable  to  every  well-established 
line  of  trade;  and  it  is  not  in  human  nature  to  cordially  welcome  a loss 
or  disturbance  of  business.  The  principal  reason  alleged  for  their  op- 
position to  a system  of  plumbing  which  is  universally  conceded  by  all 
disinterested  persons  to  be  the  best  possible,  is  that  wrought-iron  pipe 
is  not  suitable  for  the  purposes  of  drainage,  because  it  rusts  faster  than 
cast-iron.  This  is  really  a fact  when  both  kinds  of  pipe  are  unprotected 
against  corrosion.  Tests  have  been  made  showing  that  cast-iron,  un- 
protected, lasts,  under  certain  conditions,  one-fourth  longer  than  wrought- 
iron.  But  when  properly  asphalted,  painted,  or  oxidized,  wrought-iron 
pipe  is  now  preferred  by  engineers  for  many  uses  for  which  cast-iron 
was  formerly  supposed  to  be  indispensable;  just  as  wrought-iron  bridges 
have  superseded  cast-iron.  The  plumbers  use  arguments  which  were 
current  ten  years  ago,  and  would  create  the  impression  that  wrought-iron 
drains  and  soil-pipes  will  rust  out  in  a few  months,  whereas  asphalted 
pipe  has  an  official  record  of  25  years  without  appreciable  decay/  Fur- 
thermore, plumbers  themselves  use  wrought-iron  pipe  for  gas  and 
water;  and  with  the  growing  practice  of  exposing,  instead  of  hiding, 
drainage  pipes,  the  owner  can  at  any  time  make  a hammer  test  of  his 
pipes.  If  after  30  or  40  years  a piece  should  be  found  rusted  through, 
the  cost  of  replacing  it  with  a new  piece  would  be  trifling. 

Thousands  of  miles  of  wrought-iron  pipe  are  now  in  use, 
buried  in  the  ground , for  the  conveyance  of  petroleum,  natural  gas, 
water,  and  steam.  If  cast-iron  pipe  were  better , would  it  not  be  used ? 

The  economy  of  using  a class  of  work  which  will  require  no 
outlay  for  repairs  in  a lifetime  will  be  apparent  to  those  who  build  wisely; 
while  the  superior  hygienic  conditions  to  be  secured  will  appeal  to  those 
who  recognize  the  importance  of  shutting  out  sewer  air  from  their 
houses. 


Sewer  Connection,  Air  Inlet  and  Leader  Trap,  PRESBYTERIAN  HOSPITAL,  New  York. 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


i i 


Relative  Suitability 

OF  WROUGHT  AND  CAST  IRON  PIPES  FOR  HOUSE  DRAINAGE. 

WROUGHT- 1 RON  STEAM  PIPE  is 

Elastic : springing,  and  not  breaking  under  pressure. 

Of  uniform  thickness : being  made  from  sheets  of 
rolled  iron. 

Tested  before  using  to  500  lbs.  pressure  per  square  inch. 

Made  in  long  lengths,  17  to  24  feet,  requiring  few 
joints. 

Standard  in  weight,  thickness,  and  quality. 

Machine-made  Screw  Joints:  not  requiring  skilled 
labor. 

CAST-IRON  PLUMBERS’  PIPE  is 

Brittle  : cracks  easily  from  pressure,  or  a blow. 

Not  uniform  in  thickness:  depending  on  the  skill  of 
the  molder. 

Not  tested  before  placing  on  the  market. 

Made  in  short  lengths,  5 feet,  necessitating  frequent 
joints. 

Not  Standard:  is  made  ‘Tight,”  “ medium,”  and  “extra 
heavy.” 

Cut  by  H and  with  a chisel;  apt  to  crack  in  the  operation. 

Joints  made  with  lead,  and  depending  for  effectiveness 
on  the  skill  and  honesty  of  the  workmen,  the  quality  and 
quantity  of  lead  used,  and  the  favorable  position  of  the 
pipes. 


12 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


Two  pieces  of  wrought-iron  pipe  screwed  into  a coupling  or  fitting  become,  practi- 
cally, one  piece;  the  joint  is  as  strong  as  any  part  of  the  pipe. 


Opinions  of  Sanitary  Authors. 

Col.  Geo.  E.  Waking,  Jr.,  C.  E. : 

44  Until  quite  recently  I should  have  said  that  a soil-pipe  jointed  with  calked  lead 
was  one  of  the  most  complete  elements  of  satisfactory  house  drainage.  Recent  expe- 
rience in  testing  such  pipe,  by  closing  their  outlets  and  filling  them  with  water,  has  led 
to  the  conclusion  that  of  all  the  lead-jointed  iron  soil-pipe  now  in  existence  in  American 
houses,  not  one  in  a hundred  would  fail  to  leak  under  the  tsst.  1 have  recently  had 
occasion  to  test  the  soil-pipes  of  a large  house  of  the  best  class,  where  the  greatest 
effort  was  made  to  secure  tight  work,  where  the  joints  were  so  exposed  that  there  was 
no  difficulty  in  calking  them  thoroughly,  and  when  there  was  every  reason  to  suppose 
that  every  joint  was  absolutely  tight.  On  closing  the  outlets  and  filling  the  pipes  with 
water,  the  whole  system  leaked  like  a sieve.  In  some  cases  in  driving  up  the  calking 
to  make  the  joint  tight,  the  pipes  were  split,  owing  to  cracks  previously  existing,  and 
which  a casual  hammer-testing  would  have  discovered.  The  result  puts  an  entirely 
new  aspect  on  the  whole  question , and  points  clearly  to  a radical  defect  of  the  manner 
in  which  all  our  soil-piping  is  done.” 


Mr.  J.  Pickering  Putnam: 

“ Extra  heavy  pipe  and  hubs  are  required  to  withstand  the  blows  cf  the  calking  tool. 
Lighter  pipe  cannot  be  made  tight  without  danger  of  cracking  the  iron.  It  is  now  gen- 
erally recognized  and  acknowledged  that  the  plumbers’  calked  joint  is  rarely  either  air 
or  water  tight,  though  a vast  amount  of  lead  and  labor  is  spent  on  them  to  make  them 
so.  When  we  reflect  that  the  sole  aim  and  object  of  a soil-pipe  joint  is  to  make  a gas 
and  water  ti^ht  connection  between  the  joints,  we  see  the  method  commonly  employed 
is  an  absurdity,  and  reflects  little  credit  upon  human  ingenuity. 

“ Even  supposing  that,  by  chance,  a calked  joint  can  be  made  to  stand  the  test  which 
is  now  properly  required  of  it  when  new,  its  tightness  is  very'  soon  destroyed  by  the 
expansion  and  contraction  of  the  pipes,  caused  by  the  passage  through  them  of  hot 
water  or  steam.  The  expansion  of  the  spigot  is  in  such  cases  greater  than  that  of  the 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


J3 


hub,  because  it  is  on  the  inside,  nearer  the  heat,  and  not  protected,  like  the  latter,  from 
the  hot  fluids  passing  through  the  pipes.  Hence  the  lead  is  temporarily  compressed 
between  the  spigot  and  the  hub,  and,  not  being  elastic,  does  not  resume  its  original 
bulk  when  the  pipes  cool  again.  A minute  opening  is  thus  formed  all  round  the  spigot, 
and  the  pipe  leaks. 

“ * * * Still  another  very  serious  objection  is  the  temptation  this  joint  opens  for 
fraud.  The  lead  may  be  partially  or  wholly  omitted  without  very  great  risk  of  detec- 
tion, since  it  is  out  of  sight,  and  frequently  immediately  covered  by  a coat  of  paint. 

The  calking  may  be  still  more  easily  slighted.  If  the  hydraulic 
test  is  not  demanded,  a coat  of  paint  or  a little  putty  will  easily 
make  the  joint  stand  the  smoke  or  peppermint  test.  A few  of 
the  joints  well  with'n  the  reach  of  the  house-owner  may  be 
tilled  with  genuine  lead,  while  those  which  are  covered  with 
floor  boards,  or  are  not  easily  accessible,  may  be  composed  of 
paper  and  sand  and  covered  with  putty. 

“*  * * Finally,  the  bell-and-spigot  joint,  when  faithfully 

made,  is  very’  expensive,  both  in  material  and  labor. 

“*  * * The  writer  has  found  bell-and-spigot  pipes,  made 

by  the  best  firms  and  sold  for  extra  heavy  weight,  no  thicker 
than  a piece  of  thick  paper  on  one  side  and  half  an  inch  on  the 
other. 

“ * * * 1 1 is  much  more  unusual  to  find  pipes  of  equal  than 
unequal  thickness  throughout. 

“*  * * The  strength  and  thickness  of  a line  of  piping  is 

equal  to  its  thinnest  part,  as  the  strength  of  a rope  is  equal 
to  its  weakest  part.  Hence  all  the  metal  used  in  the  piping  of  a 
house  beyond  the  thickness  of  its  thinnest  part  is  thrown  away. 
Of  what  use  is  it  to  pay  for  extra  heavy  pipes , zvhen  otic  side 
of  most  of  thou  is  extra  light ? ” 


Mr.  Ernest  W.  Bowditch,  C.  E.  (abstiact  of  a paper  read  before  the  Boston  Society 
of  Civil  Engineers ; from  The  Sanitary  News)  : 

“ Mr.  Bowditch  said  that,  perhaps,  the  principal  annoyance  resulting  from  plumbing 
is  due  to  the  soil-pipe  or  some  of  its  fittings.  Second  quality  of  iron,  poor  hanging, 
insufficient  calking,  careless  mechanics,  and  putty,  cement,  rag,  or  paper  joints  are 
some  sources  of  the  trouble.  He  had  specified  tar-coated  soil-pipe  frequently,  until  one 
day  he  discovered  a cracked  elbow  which  had  been  tarred  over.  Since  then  he  has 
specified  plain  pipe,  and  has  subjected  it  to  a test,  which  consists  in  swabbing  out  each 
pipe  with  raw  linseed  oil  and  allowing  it  to  stand  a few  hours.  Plain  pipe  is  better  to 
calk  than  tarred,  because  the  lead  clings  to  clean  iron  better  than  to  tarred.  Sand- 
holes  and  small  cracks  are  not  easily  discovered  in  tarred  pipe.  Mr.  Bowditch  exhibited 
a length  of  ordinary  ‘heavy  4’  plain  commercial  soil-pipe,  which  had  been  subjected  to 
the  oil-test,  and  upon  which  were  shown  the  leaks  and  their  area,  marked  by  chalk 
lines. 

“ Concerning  the  statement  that  all  soil-pipe  is  tested  to  a fifty-pound  water-pressure 
by  the  manufacturers,  Mr.  Bowditch  stated  that  he  had  seen  a length  of  soil-pipe,  five 
feet,  that  would  not  bear  the  pressure  of  a column  of  water  its  own  height  without 
leaking.1' 


Mr.  James  C.  Bayles: 

“In  architects’  specifications  we  seldom  find  a suitable  weight  of  iron  called  for. 
Consequently,  the  principal  demand  is  for  cheap  and  light  pipes.  As  made,  they  are  as 
hard  as  chilled  iron  — owing  to  the  fact  that  they  are  cast  so  thin  — and  about  as  brittle 
and  difficult  to  cut  as  glass.  If  dropped,  they  crack  or  break,  and  are  utterly  untrust- 
worthy at  all  times.” 


Mr.  W.  Pal  l Gerhard,  C.  E. : 

“The  better  grades  of  soil-pipe,  the  heavy  and  extra  heavy , the  price  of  which  is 
about  double  that  of  light  pipe,  are  usually  specified  only  for  public  or  other  large 
expensive  buildings.  My  experience  with  extra  heavy  cast-iron  soil-pipe  warrants  me 
in  saying  that  even  the  latter  is  very  often  decidedly  bad , having  an  uneven  thickness 
of  metal,  and  consequently  being  in  its  weakest  part  no  thicker  than  light  pipe.” 


WRY  LIBRARY 

Columbia  university 


14 


Some  Special  Drainage  Fittings. 


Elbows. 

2,  3,  4,  5.  and  6 incll> 


45 


° Elbow. 


6o°  Elbow. 


900  Elbow. 

(Square  and  graded.) 


Long  450  Elbow. 


Soil-Pipe  Elbow. 


Some  Special  Drainage  Fittings. 


r5 


Tee. 

(Square  and  graded). 


4,-inch  W.  C.  Trap. 

For  use  with  all  water-closets  requiring 
a trap  beneath  the  floor. 


Plain.  With  Bath  Inlets. 

Water-closet  Tees,  3,  4,  5,  and  6 inch. 

1 b 


Right-hand  Inlet  this  side. 


Durham  System 


IN  A CITY  HOUSE  (NO  SCALE). 

A.  Sewer. 

A-C.  Drain;  the  portion  between  the  sewer  and  the 
running  trap,  B,  is  called  the  “ sew'er  connection.” 

B.  Running  trap,  to  prevent  air  from  the  sewer 
passing  into  the  pipes  within  the  building. 

B-K.  Air-inlet  pipe,  for  ventilation  (see  note,  page  18). 

C.  Soil-pipe  elbow,  with  hand-hole  for  cleaning  out, 
closed  by  screw  plug.  The  drain  must  have  a regu- 
lar fall,  or  grade,  and  this  elbow  provides  for  that. 

C-D.  Rain  water  leader;  not  necessarily  part  of  the 
Durham  System. 

E and  G.  V branch,  close-nipple  and  450  elbow; 
connecting  drain  and  vertical  pipe.  Serving  same 
purpose  as  C. 

E-F.  Soil-pipe,  3,  4,  s,  or  6 inches  in  diameter;  pipes 
draining  water-closets  are  called  “soil-pipes,”  those 
draining  other  fixtures  “waste-pipes.” 

F and  H.  Roof  connections  (see  note,  page  18). 

G-H.  Waste-pipe,  2 or  3 inches  diameter;  enlarged  at 
upper  end  to  prevent  freezing  in  very  cold  climates. 

K.  Air-inlet  box  (see  note,  page  18). 

1..  Double  and  single  Y branches  to  receive  waste 
pipes  from  baths,  bowls,  or  sinks.  The  plumber 
makes  this  connection,  always  trapping  the  lead 
waste-pipe  and  then  soldering  it  to  a brass  nipple 
screwed  into  the  Durham  fitting. 

M.  Ventilation  Tees  and  Y’s  (see  note,  page  18). 

\ and  O.  Water-closet  flanges  (see  note,  page  23). 

p.  Water-closet  Tees,  with  right-hand  bath  inlet. 

R.  An  offset;  these  should  be  avoided  when  possible. 


i8 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


Explanatory  Notes. 

The  Air- inlet  can  be  arranged  in  a variety  of  ways.  At  pages 
16-17,  the  air-pipe  is  shown  running  to  an  iron  box,  with 
grated  cover,  at  the  curb  — as  far  front  windows  as  possi- 
ble. At  page  24,  it  is  shown  running  to  the  face  of  an  outer 
wall,  finished  with  a brass  grating  screwed  into  the  coup- 
ling at  the  end  of  the  pipe,  and  presumably  away  from 
the  vicinity  of  windows.  Ordinarily  the  current  of  venti- 
lation is  inward,  but  a heavy  discharge  of  water  above 
will  momentarily  drive  the  air  outward.  The  London 
/.nncct  insists  upon  the  extension  of  the  air-pipe  upward  to 
the  roof  from  B,  but  this  would  interfere  somewhat  with 
the  circulation  of  air.  In  country  houses  both  the  trap 
and  air-inlet  can  be  placed  at  a distance  from  the  house, 
inclosed  in  a brick  man-hole,  with  ventilating  cover.  (See 
page  28. ) In  extremely  cold  climates  the  air-pipe  should 
join  the  drain  a few  feet  distant  from  the  trap. 

Trap  Ventilation  Pipes  are  not  shown  ill  the  engravings. 
Authorities  disagree  as  to  their  value.  They  are  commonly  considered 

necessary  to  prevent  siphonage,  but  the 
objection  to  them  is  that  they  cause  the 
loss  of  water  seal  by  evaporation.  If  a 
reliable  non-siphoning  trap  exists  it 
would  be  better  to  use  it.  We  always 
insert  the  necessary  fittings  to  receive 
vent-pipes,  and  if  not  used  they  can  be 
plugged.  We  put  up  these  pipes  if 
desired,  or,  if  more  convenient,  furnish 
the  necessary  material  to  the  plumber. 


j 


Roof  Connection.  — This  is  an 
iron  cap  to  screw  down  over  the  upper 
edge  of  a lead  or 
tin  Jlns/ting  (made  / 
by  a roofer j which  l|r|i,i:;‘  \ .iJIjiylfHj 
is  dropped  over  the  1 
end  of  the  pipe  and 

has  a lower  flange  or  base  which  can 
be  soldered  to  a tin  roof,  or  covered 
with  slates  or  shingles.  A coupling  is 
screwed  on  over  the  roof  connection  if 
it  is  desired  to  run  the  pipe  higher, 
which  is  cut  off  about  8 inches  above 
the  line  of  the  roof  on  the  upper  side. 

Running  Trap  (B)  should  al- 
ways be  accessible  without  trouble. 
Just  inside  the  foundation  wall  is  the 
most  convenient  location  for  it.  If  placed  outside  of  the  house,  a 
man-hole  should  be  built  around  it,  with  an  iron  cover.  (Page  28.) 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


J9 


Within  the  house  wrought-iron  pipes  and  screw  joints  only 
should  be  used.  If  the  drain  must  be  placed  under  the  cellar  floor, 
we  advise  the  use  of  wrought  instead  of  cast  iron  pipe,  as  being 
in  every  respect  more  satisfactory. 

Outside  the  house  the  iron  pipe  should  be  carried  just  as 
far  as  it  is  desired  to  prevent  leakage,  especially  past  wells.  There  is 
nothing  to  be  saved  by  using  clay  pipe,  although  the  first  outlay  is 
less.  In  the  best  work  we  run  the  wrought-iron  pipe  all  the  way  to 

Brass  soldering  nipples  must  be 
used  to  connect  the  short  lead  waste-pipes 
from  baths,  bowls,  sinks,  etc.,  with  the  Dur- 
ham screwed  fittings,  and  also  to  connect  the 
trap  ventilating  pipes.  Lead  pipe  can  be  sol- 
dered to  brass,  but  not  to  iron.  These  nipples 
can  be  purchased  from  the  Company  or  Ircm 
any  dealer  in  brass  goods. 

Water-*closetS  of  any  make  can  be 
used  with  the  Durham  System.  YVe  must 
know  what  closet  is  to  be  used  in  order  to 
drill  the  iron  flanges  of  the  water-closet  elbow 
to  fit  the  flange  of  the  closet.  YVe  always  fur- 
nish clamps  or  set  screws  to  fasten  the  closet 
Use  a stiff  mixture  of  red-lead  and  putty 

Grade  of  drain.  — Our  fittings  are  cut  to  a fall  of  one-half 
inch  per  foot,  but  any  grade  desired  can  be  obtained  by  a combination 
of  fittings.  One-quarter  inch  per  foot  should  be  a minimum  fall. 

Tops  of  soil-pipes  should  be  left  open,  and  not  obstructed 
by  a return  bend.  If  there  is  danger  from  leaves  falling  into  the 


sewer  or  cessi 


to  our  fitting  securely, 
between  the  latter. 


pipes,  copper  or  galvanized  iron  wire  baskets  can  be  used.  Nothing 
is  gained  by  using  any  contrivance  for  increasing  the  upward  current 
of  ventilation  in  a soil-pipe. 


Fuller  information  furnished  on  any  point  by  cor- 
respondence. Drainage  plans  and  estimates  of  cost 
submitted  without  any  obligation  on  the  part  of  the 
inquirer. 


20 


Solid  Bearing  for  \\  ater-Closets. 


the  united  brass  c£ 

NEW  TOP^I 


Illustrations  of  Water-Closets,  and  the  Method  of 
Supporting  and  Connecting  them. 


Any  kind,  of  water-closet  can  be  used  with  the  Durham  System. 
Where  a peculiarity  exists,  as  in  the  case  of  the  “ Dececo,”  which  re- 
quires the  wier  under  it  to  complete  the  siphon,  we  prepare  special 
patterns.  r 

Our  patented  method  of  supporting  the  closet  on  a rigid  branch  from 
the  soil-pipe,  instead  of  resting  it  on  the  floor,  insures  permanently 
tight  joints  between  the  closet  and  the  soil-pipe. 


Note;:  For  the  convenience  of  customers,  we  will  supply  plumbing  fixtures  at 
Ste  PnCC.S-  ' he  F-n«  'he  - Dececo,"  with  iron  cUterTpufl,  S a,?d 

E War’in?  Tr  gaanH  ■ 8^'S  l hc.  “ r)««o  " is  the  invention  of  Col.  Of  >rge 

**  arinS*  Jr-i  and  is  considered  the  best  siphon  closet. 

Ihe  United  Brass  Co.  79  Fulton  Street,  N.  V'.,  are  the  agents. 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage, 


2 I 


In  old-style  work  the  water-closet  rests  on  the  floor,  and  is  connected 
with  the  soil-pipe  by  means  of  lead  pipe  and  lead  joints ; the  shrinkage 
or  settling  of  the  floor  breaks  the  joint. 

The  illustrations  clearly  show  the  simplicity,  economy,  and  durability 
of  our  method  of  construction. 

The  branch  to  the  water-closet  has  a grade,  or  rise,  of  one-half  inch 
per  foot  from  the  water-closet  tee  to  the  water-closet  elbow.  The  flange 
of  the  latter  is  level,  and  adjustable  in  any  direction. 

A stiff  paste  of  red -lead  and  putty  should  be  used  between  the  flange 
of  the  fitting  and  the  base  of  the  water-closet,  to  neutralise  the  inequalities 
of  the  latter. 

Note:  The  Sanitas  Mfg.  Co.  207  Tremont  Street,  Boston,  manufacture  the  plumb- 
ing fixtures  invented  and  developed  by  Mr.  J.  Pickering  Putnam.  The  “Sanitas” 
closet  is  flushed  (noiselessly)  by  the  discharge  of  the  water  held  in  the  service  pipcy  for  a 
height  of  six  feet  — instead  of  from  a service  box.  This  closet  is  of  the  first  class.  The 
price  is  $41,  boxed  f.  0.  b.  at  Boston,  for  the  closet  and  cistern  valve. 


Solid  Bearing  for  Water-Closets. 


Method  of  securing  and  supporting  “wash- 
out ” closets.  If  preferred,  set-screws  can 
pass  through  the  holes  in  the  base  of  the 
closet,  in  which  case  the  flange  must  be 
drilled  in  place,  by  the  plumber,  to  fit  each 
closet. 


Features  of  the  Durham  System. 


The  J.  L.  Mott  Iren  Works,  88  and  90  Beckman  Street,  N.  Y.  furnish  imported 
earthenware  wash-out  closets,  as  follows  : Inodoro  (back-outlet),  $38  ; Triplex  (side- 
outlet),  $36;  Dolphin,  ivory  tinted  (front-outlet),  $41,  with  iron  cistern,  pull,  chain, 
and  brackets,  boxing  and  cartage.  These  are  the  best  examples  of  this  popular  type  of 
closet. 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


23 


“LONG  HOPPER” 

Water-closet,  supported  directly  from  soil- 
pipe,  independently  of  floor,  with  interven- 
ing trap.  All  screw-jointed. 

This  type  of  water-closet  is  rarely  used  in 
dwellings. 


The  “Short  hopper”  closet  is  shown  on  page  8. 


Features  of  the  Durham  System. 

Note  : The  branch  to  the  water-closet  has  a grade,  or  rise,  of  one-half  inch  per  foot 
from  the  water-closet  tee  to  the  trap.  The  W.  C.  flange,  on  which  the  closet  rests,  is 
level. 


24 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


The  Durham  System. 


Diagram  of  a simple  system  cf 
screw-jointed  house  drains  of  4-incli 
wrought-iron  pipe. 

A.  Air-inlet  pipe. 

B.  Running  trap. 

C.  Soil-pipe  elbow,  with  hand- 

hole. 

D.  Water-closet  trap  and  flange. 

E.  Water-closet  tee,  with  right- 

hand  bath  inlet. 

F.  Water-closet  elbow  and  flange. 

G.  Tee  for  ventilating  the  trap 

under  fixtures. 

H.  Roof  connection. 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


25 


Drainage  for  Shipment. 

The  Durham  House  Drainage  Company  are  pre- 
pared to  fill  orders  for  complete  systems  of  Durham 
Drainage  for  shipment  to  ANY  PART  OF  THE  WORLD, 
ready  to  be  screwed  together  in  the  building.  We  have 
shipped  work  to  34  States  and  Territories. 

On  receipt  of  rough  sketch,  showing  about  what  is  wanted,  and  giving 
approximate  distances,  roe  will  send  a diagram  and  quote  a price  for  the 
complete  work,  with  all  pipes  cut  to  exact  measure,  ready  for  erection.  We 
never  have  any  difficulty  in  sending  work  to  fit  the  place  intended  for  it. 

The  advantage  of  using  the  Durham  System  where  it 
is  difficult  to  secure  skilled  labor,  in  the  country  or  abroad, 
aside  from  its  sanitary  superiority,  consists  in  the  fact  of  its 
being  quickly  and  easily  erected  by  common  labor.  The 
joints  are  practically  made  in  the  machine  shop.  The  work 
shown  on  the  opposite  page  could  be  put  in  place  in  5 
hours  by  a man  and  helper.  The  threads  being  covered 
with  a paste  of  red-lead,  and  the  pipe  screwed  home , there 
can  be  no  question  of  the  strength  and  tightness  of  the  joint. 

The  measurements  required  are  from  floor  surface  to 
floor  surface  upward  to  the  roof,  and  the  distance  outward 
from  the  soil-pipe  through  the  outer  wall.  Also  the  height 
above  drain  of  the  air-inlet.  We  also  require  to  know  what 
make  of  water-closet  is  to  be  used,  and  full  particulars  of 
all  fixtures  which  are  to  be  connected  with  either  the  soil- 
pipe  or  drain.  Fittings  to  receive  waste-pipes  from  sinks, 
bowls,  or  baths  can  be  provided  at  any  point. 

Examples  of  Cost. — The  amount  of  work  shown  on  page 
24  can  be  furnished,  free  on  board  in  New  York,  for  $62.00,  in  3-inch, 
and  $80.00  for  4-inch,  with  50  lineal  feet  of  asphalted  pipe.  With  fittings 
for  one  water-closet  only,  the  prices  would  be  $52.00  and  $70.00. 

Three-inch  pipe  is  the  size  ordinarily  used  for  dwellings,  except  in 
cities  with  plumbing  regulations,  when  4-inch  is  the  minimum  size 
allorved  for  cast-iron  soil-pipe,  and,  of  course,  for  wrought-iron  pipe  also. 

Workmen  furnished  to  put  up  work  at  cost  of 
wages  and  traveling  expenses. 


26 


Death-Rate  of  Pullman. 


Mechanics  Houses  in  Pullman. — From  Harper* s Magazine. 


A Street  in  Pullman. — From  Harper's  Magazine. 

The  City  of  Pullman  has  now  been  in  existence  six  years,  and  its  population 
is  about  9000 — a period  sufficiently  lon£  and  numbers  great  enough  to  eliminate  any 
exceptional  conditions  which  might  obtain.  The  death-rate  of  the  town  of  Hyde  Park 
— of  which  Pullman  is  legally  and  territorially  a part,  in  which  the  same  natural  con- 
ditions  ex'st,  and  which  is  occupied  by  substantially  the  same  kind  of  population  as  that 
of  1 oilman — averages  fifteen  per  thousand  annually,  according  to  the  last  report  of  the 
State  Board  of  Health.  In  Pullman,  the  deaths  have  ranged  from  6.9  to  7.6  in 
every  thousand  of  population — or  less  than  one-half  the  deaths  in  the  territory 
immediately  surrounding  the  town.  1 he  average  for  American  cities  is  over  three 
tunes  this  number,  and  the  average  annual  death-rate  of  the  world  is  thirty-two  out  of 
every  1000  of  population.  The  average  death-rate  in  the  city  of  Mexico  is  fifty-six 
per  1000,  or  eight  times  the  rate  in  Pullman.  The  healthful  conditions  here  arc 
unequaled  by  those  in  any  city  in  the  world.  The  lowness  of  the  death-rate  is  remark- 
able \\  ith  one-quarter  of  the  physicians  that  ordinarily  minister  to  a population  of 
this  size,  Pullman  has  only  a little  more  than  one-quarter  of  the  deaths  usual  in  the  same 
number  of  people.”—/;/  Oscar  C.  De  Wolf,  Commissioner  of  Health,  Chicago, 
before  the  American  Institute  of  Architects. 


All  of  1 lie  Buildings  in  Pullman  were  furnished  with  the  [IIHIHAIH  SVSTKAI . 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


27 


Blair  Lodge,  Lake  Forest,  Illinois. 

From  the  American  Architect  and  Building  News. 

The  Country  Seat  of  Mr.  \V.  C.  Larned.  W.  L.  B.  Jenney,  Architect. 
Furnished  with  the  Durham  System  of  Houser  Drainage. 


Mr.  Benezette  Williams,  C.  E.,  who  had  charge  of  the 'drainage  and 
water  supply  at  Pullman,  says  of  the  Durham  System: 

“ I advised  its  use  for  the  reason  that  I consider  it  the  nearest  perfect  of  any  work 
used  for  such  purpose,  owing  to  the  absolute  certainty  of  securing  tight  joints,  if  ordi- 
nary care  is  used;  and  for  the  further  reason  that  the  material  used,  and  the  method  of 
supporting  the  closets,  are  superior  to  what  is  in  ordinary  use. 

“ Great  satis/action  has  resulted from  the  use  of  the  work  at  Pullman.'' 


The  Pullman  Company  recognized  the  advantage  of  securing 
PERMANENTLY  PERFECT  house  drainage  work;  the  sav- 
ing in  repairs  (which  results)  makes  the  Durham  System  the  most 
economical  work  to  adopt. 


STANDARD  DRAINAGE. 

The  Durham  System  means  one  thing:  price  depends  on  quantity 
only,  the  quality  is  always  the  same.  The  drainage  of  the  mechanics’ 
houses  at  Pullman  was  of  the  same  materials  and  class  of  workmanship 
as  that  in  the  magnificent  residence  shown  above,  costing  thirty  times 
as  much.  Uniformity  of  workmanship  is  a natural  result  of  the  use  of 
machine  work  in  place  ot  skilled  labor, — which  is  possible  only  with  the 
SCREW  JOINT. 


28 


Durham  System  of  House  Drainage. 


Perforated  Man-hole  Lid  and  Frame. 


17  INCHES  DIAMETER;  FRAME,  3 INCHES  WIDE,  2^  INCHES  DEEP. 


Weight,  44  lbs. ; price,  $4.00. 


This  lid  and  frame  will  be 
found  useful  when  running 
traps  are  placed  in  man-holes 
outside  of  buildings,  as  by  its 
use  a special  air-inlet  pipe 
can  be  dispensed  with.  It  is 
also  cast  solid,  to  use  for 
cess-pool  coverings. 


Air-inlet  Box. 

12X12  INCHES  ON  TOP;  IS  INCHES  DEEP. 


This  box  has  been  de- 
signed for  use  under  city 
pavements  and  near  the 
curb-stone,  in  order  to  re- 
move the  air-inlet  to  the 
drain,  as  far  as  possible 
from  front  windows.  The 
hole  for  the  air-pipe  is  cut 
in  the  casting  to  suit  each 
case  from  template  furnished 
by  the  purchaser.  The  box 
is  made  of  sufficient  depth 
to  project  beneath  a flag- 
stone of  ordinary  thickness 
covering  a vault.  When  an 
air-tight  connection  is  de- 
sired, it  can  be  effected  by 
using  a union  flange  and 
bolts.  When  set  in  the 
ground,  a hole  is  drilled  in 
the  bottom  for  drainage. 
The  grate  is  fastened  by 
brass  screws,  so  as  to  be 
easily  removable  for  clean- 
ing out  dirt. 

Weight,  54 lbs. ; price,  $6.00, 
including  the  cutting  of 
the  hole. 


Partial  List. 

The  Durham  System  has  been  furnished  to  the  following 
Corporations,  Firms,  and  Individuals,  to  all  of  whom 
we  refer.  We  have  no  dissatisfied  customers. 

United  States. 

New  Pension  Building:  Washington,  D.  C. ; Gen.  M.  C.  Meigs, 
U.  S.  A.,  Superintending  Engineer  and  Architect. 

Officers’  Quarters Willet’s  Point,  L.  I. ; Teale  df  Cregin. 

Mess  Hall David’s  Island;  New  York  Harbor. 

Naval  Hospital:  Chelsea,  Mass. ; Frank  O.  Max  son,  C.  £.,  U.  S.  Ar. 

New  York  City. 

City  of  New  York Dept,  of  Docks;  Office  Building  at  Pier  A. 

Columbia  College  School  of  Mines;  Mr.  C.  C.  Haight. 

Brooks  Brothers  : Store,  22d  St.  and  Broadway  “ “ 

Down  Town  Association “ “ 

New  York  Cancer  Hospital “ “ 

Mr.  John  E.  Parsons,  Pres. ; Mr.  Joseph  W.  Drexel,  Treas. 

Presbyterian  Hospitai Dispensary;  J.  C.  Cady  &•  Co. 

Gallatin  Bank:  io-story  office  building “ “ 

St.  George  Apartment  House “ “ 

The  Randolph  Apartment  House T.  M.  Clark. 

Suburban  Rapid  Transit  Co J.  J.  R.  Croes,  Chief  Engineer. 

Hoffman  House New  Extension;  John  B.  Snook. 

The  De  Vinne  Press  (printers  of  Century  Magazine);  cor.  Lafayette 

Place  and  4th  Street; Babb,  Cook  & Willard. 

Roswell  Smith:  Residence; “ “ 

Charles  A.  Dana Residence  ; Madison  Avenue  and  60th  Street. 

Charles  Buek  & Co. : 6 Residences  ; Madison  Avenue  and  60th  Street. 
Messrs.  Farley  & Son  : 8 Residences;  80th  Street;  Thom  Sr  Wilson. 

John  C.  Goodridge,  Jr  Residence;  113  East  25th  Street. 

“ “ “ 115  East  25th  Street. 

George  W.  Da  Cunha 3 Residences;  West  83d  Street. 

G.  W.  De  Bevoise Residence;  24  West  124th  Street. 

James  M.  Cumings.  . .Residence;  151st  Street  and  St.  Nicholas  Place. 

George  Taylor Residence;  W.  B.  Tuthill. 

John  W.  Aitken Lawn  Tennis  Court;  “ “ 

William  Pickhardt,  Esq.:  Private  Stable;  East  75th  Street;  Mr.  E. 
S.  Philbrick,  Consulting  Engineer. 

Miss  Ann  L.  Livingston Residence;  A.  L.  Webster,  C.  E. 

New  York  State. 

Richard  Prescott,  C.  E Residence;  Adamsville. 

S.  W.  Thomas “ Bay  Ridge. 

James  Otis  Hoyt Babb,  Cook  & Willard;  Bellport. 

Albert  Steiner Apartment  House;  Brooklyn. 

William  Macbeth Residence;  A.  Hcrwe,  Jr.,  “ 

Note:  Name  of  architect  in  italics. 


29 


3° 


Durham  System  of  Drainage. 


J.  J.  Albright E.  B.  Guthrie,  C.  E. ; Buffalo. 


Mrs.  M.  A.  Ransom « •< 

E.  N.  Cook « « 

Dr.  Roswell  Park « « 

George  H.  Dunbar  “ *< 

N.  V.  West  Shore  & Buffalo  Rv.  Co Depot,  Canajoharie. 

“ “ Canastota. 

“ “ “ “ Cornwall. 

William  Constable,  Jr Residence;  Cooperstown. 

Dr.  James  H.  Jackson Dansville. 

N.  V.  West  Shore  & Buffalo  Ry.  Co., Depot;  Frankfort. 

Fultonville. 

E.  B.  Clark Residence;  Greenport. 

W.  Bayard  Cutting C.  C.  Haight;  lslip. 

N.  V.  West  Shore  & Buffalo  Ry.  Co., Depot;  Mohawk. 

Wm.  A.  Miles IVm.  B.  Tubby;  Mt.  Vernon. 

E.  A.  Newell IE  S.  Rapelye ; 

Mrs.  Mary  W.  IIowe  : (2) ....  “ «» 

J.  H.  Bf.lding “ “ 

Jules  Dardonville “ « 


Dr.  Robert  H.  Howe  Me  Kim,  Mead  & White;  “ 

Mrs.  E.  M.  Howard W.  B.  Tuthill ; New  Brighton. 

Rev.  C.  F.  Canedy F.  Carles  Merry  ; New  Rochelle. 


Prof.  H.  T.  Vulte 4 houses;  “ 

Joseph  F.  Waller North  Yonkers. 

N.  V.  West  Shore  & Buffalo  Ry.  Co., Depot;  Port  Jackson. 

Dr.  L.  E.  Felton Residence;  Potsdam. 

Brooks  & Bickneli Block ; “ 

Ives  Bros « « 

N.  I..  Stone « 

O.  G.  Howe  “ 

Mrs.  S.  A.  Loveland « 


(Ladd  Loveland,  Licensed  Agents  for  Potsdam). 

Lieut.  Aaron  Ward,  U.  S.  N Roslyn. 

John  R.  Lockwood Rye. 

N.  V.  West  Shore  & Buffalo  Ry.  Co., Depot;  Syracuse. 

Rowland  Hazard (Peace  Dale,  R.  I.)  “ 

N.  T.  Bacon “ 

E.  B.  Cobb Residence;  Paul  Beck ; Tarrytown. 

William  Smith  Brown Residence;  “ 

OAKWOOD  CEMETERY:  Lodge;  Fuller,  Wheeler  cr  Prescott;  Troy. 

S.  H.  Fancher Residence;  Walton. 

William  Reynolds  Brown Residence;  White  Plains. 

Dr.  Robert  Stone Pal/iser,  Palliser  Co.,  Yonkers. 


Chicago. 

Pullman’s  Palace  Car  Co.  : The  entire  city  of  Pullman : 1600  build- 
ings ; Mr.  S.  S.  Beman,  Architect. 

Pullman’s  Palace  Car  Co.  : Office  building/  S.  S.  Beman. 

First  National  Bank Office  building;  Burling  & Whitehouse. 

Chicago,  Bur.  & Quincy  R.  R.  Co.:  Office  building  Burnham  & Root. 

Rialto  Building Office  building  ; “ “ 

Commerce  Building ••  “ “ “ “ 

Traders  Building “ « “ “ 

Home  Insurance  Co.  (N.  Y.). . . “ “ W.  L.  B.  Penney. 


Durham  System  of  Drainage. 


31 


City  Hall 

North  Chicago  City  Ry.  Co 
Dearborn  Street  Union  Depot 

Marshall  Field  & Co 

Brevoort  House 

#Dr.  Almon  Brooks 

Palmer  V.  Kellogg 

Henry  W.  King 

John  Wilkinson 

W.  K.  Ackerman 

O.  W.  Potter 

George  L.  Dunlaf 

James  Bolton 

Henry  W.  Bishop 

E.  C.  Darned 

C.  C.  Wheeler 

Theodore  Sheldon 

Benezette  Williams,  C.  E.  ... 

John  R.  Walsh 

W.  T.  Baker 

Hugh  R.  Wilson 

Arthur  Caton 

Augustus  Byram 

H.  H.  Shufeldt 

W.  C.  Egan 

Joseph  Sears  

J.  C.  Black 

Sidney  A.  Kent 

W.  F.  Cobb 

J.  W.  Brooks 

Henry  Field 

Samuel  M.  Nickerson 

J.  W.  Doane 

Van  H.  Higgins 

J.  M.  Adsit 

Anson  Stager 

Robert  T.  Lincoln  

Edward  F.  Lawrence 

S.  S.  Beman 

N.  S.  Jones 

J.  B.  White  Estate 

Walter  C.  Larned 

Dr.  Robert  N.  Tooker 

William  S.  Potwin 

J.  G.  McWilliams 

Henry  I.  Cobb 

James  G.  Gore 

James  A.  Davidson 

J.  J.  Glessner 


...  Egan  <Sr»  Hill. 

Offices;  Augustus  Wright,  C.  E. 

C.  E.  W Eidlitz. 

//.//.  Richardson. 

Thomas  & Rogers. 

Residence;  (Drainage  renewed). 


Residence  ; Burnham  Cr  Root. 


Burling  <Sr=  Whitehouse. 
T.  V.  Wadskier. 


J.  M.  Van  Osdel  & Co. 

S.  S.  Beman. 


Residence  (2);  W.  L.  B.  Jenney. 


Cobb  Frost. 

Frank  L.  Chamley. 
W.  W.  Boyington. 
H.  H.  Richardson. 


( Edward  Baggot,  Chicago,  Sole  Manufacturer for  the  Northwestern  States.) 


Alabama. 

W.  G.  Williamson,  C.  E 


Montgomery. 


The first  drainage  work  done  on  the  Durham  system,  January,  rSjQ. 


32 


Durham  System  of  Drainage. 


W.  R.  Palmer 

Town  House 

Theodore  Benedict.  . 
Dr.  William  J.  Rider 

Theodore  Smith 

Isaac  W.  Ives 

Henry  Perry  

Chauncey  Beers 

Library  Association 

W.  C.  Bryant  

Reuben  Pierce  

W.  B.  Curtis 

J.  A.  Beal 

John  W.  Green 


Connecticut, 


Bridgeport. 

Residence ; Danbury. 

tl  it 

. . . Block;  “ 


Town  Club  House; 
Residence ; 


( The  J.  M.  Ives  Co.,  Licensed  Agents  for  Danbury.) 


Richard  L.  de  Zeng 
Thomas  Corscaden  . 
Giles  L.  Reynolds  . 
Andrew  J.  Sloper  . . 
Thomas  W.  Wilbur. 


Residence ; Middletown. 
“ New  Britain. 

ft  It 


( S.'It.  Beard,  Licensed  Agent  /or  New  Britain.) 

Robert  Peck Residence;  New  Haven. 

J.  N.  Harris (IV.  //.  Richards,  C.  E.)  Block;  New  London. 

Old  Ladies’  Home.  . “ “ . Block ; New  London. 

Charles  D.  Smith Residence;  Plantsville. 

Henry  R.  Kibbe.  ( E.  C.  Gardner,  Architect)  “ Somers. 

Peck,  Stow  & Wilcox  Co Factories;  Southington. 

Yale  Lock  Manufacturing  Co Stamford. 

Mrs.  Thomas  Crane Residence;  “ 


Delaware. 

Tilghman  Johnston Residence;  Wilmington. 

Florida. 

F.  G.  Sampson Boardman. 


Georgia. 

Cotton  Exchange Savannah. 

IVm.  G.  Preston,  Architect,  Boston. 

Kansas. 

Atchison,  Topeka  & [Santa' Fe  R.  R.  Co.':  Office  Building  and 


Depot ; Topeka Burnham  6^  Root. 

Maine. 

C.  B.  Thurston Residence;  Portland. 

City  Hall Drainage  renewed  ....  “ 

Manitoba. 

New  Civic  Offices . . .(James  Chisholm,  Architect ) Winnipeg. 


Durham  System  of  Drainage. 


33 


Massachusetts. 

Pasque  Island  Association  : Club  House  ; Pasque  Island,  Buzzard’s 
Bay. 

G.  Clinton  Gardner Residence;  Greenfield. 

Wilson  Brothers  Co. 

F.  E.  Wells Residence;  Greenfield. 

Clemens  Herschel,  C.  E “ Holyoke. 


Michigan. 

Charles  Holmes,  C.  E Residence;  East  Saginaw. 

Frey  & YVicklein Store;  “ 

George  B.  Brooks Residence ; “ 

Pope,  Sheppard  & Co “ Houghton. 


Minnesota. 

Plant  & Whitney Minneapolis. 

West  Hotel “ 

J.  J.  Watson St.  Paul. 


Missouri. 

Charles  W.  Melcher,  C.  E Residence;  St.  Louis. 

Montana. 

First  National  Bank Helena. 

Court  House  “ 

Holter’s  Block “ 

R.  R.  Dunn Residence;  “ 

A.  J.  Seligman “ “ 

(Durham  House  Drainage  Co.  of  Alontana , Helena , License  '.Agents.) 


George  W.  Frank 


Nebraska. 

Reside:'.  ;c;  Kearney. 


New  Hampshire. 

Isaiah  Robbins,  Jr Residence;  Nashua. 


New  Jersey. 

Mercer  Memorial  Home Atlantic  City. 

William  H.  Boardman Residence;  Franklin. 

W.  P.  Ammerman Residence ; Hackensack. 

James  A.  Romeyne “ “ 

(Edmund  A.  Pearce,  Licensed  Agent  for  Hackensack.) 

J.  T.  Stevens Residence ; Montclair. 

C.  W.  Anderson “ “ 

J.  C.  Pumpelly Residence  (2) ; Morristown. 

G.  W.  Colles “ (2) ; “ 

F.  E.  Woodruff “ “ 

H.  W.  Robert “ “ 


34 


Durham  System  of  Drainage. 


F.  C.  Prindi.e,  C.  E.,  U.  S.  N Residence;  Orange. 

John  S.  Cooke .Residence;  Paterson. 

Fred.  W.  Cooke “ “ 

Fuller,  Wheeler  & Prescott,  Albany,  Architects. 

Muhlenberg  Hospital Charles  H.  Smith,  Architect ; Plainfield. 

Joseph  Cumings Residence:  Rutherford. 

T.  C.  Gunagan “ “ 

Thomas  Daniel “ “ 

West  Shore  Terminal  Station Weehawken. 

Ohio. 

Case  School  of  Applied  Science Cleveland. 

City  Infirmary  “ 

( James  Ritchie , Licensed  Agent  /or  Cleveland.) 

Harley  T.  Procter Residence;  Cincinnati. 


F.  S.  Rathbun. 


Ontario. 

Residence;  M.  J.  Butler,  C.E.  ; Deseronto. 


Pennsylvania. 

W.  S.  Auchincloss,  C.  E Bryn  Mawr. 

Chauncey  Ives,  C.  E Residence;  Chambersburg. 

D.  P.  Bruner 19  houses;  Germantown. 

S.  J.  M.  McCarrkll Residence;  Harrisburg. 

Henry  Johnson “ Muncy. 

George  Burnham,  Jr Residence;  Philadelphia;  Albert  W.  Dilks. 

Theodore  J.  Lewis  . ...  u “ “ 

A.  J.  Drexel “ “ T.  Roney  Williamson. 

Bricklayers’  Association  “ “ 

Ins.  Co.  of  the  State  of  Penn’a  “ “ 

M.  R.  MucKLfe,  Jr “ 

Volney  N.  Shaffer Residence  (2);  Phoenixville. 

J.  Ai.LEnHealy:  Residence;  Pottstown;  Edwin  F.  Berto/ett,  Architect. 

R.  C.  Luther Residence;  Pottsville. 

H.  L.  Daddow “ St.  Clair. 

Lackawanna  Hospital Scranton. 


Rhode  Island. 

D.  Goff  & Sons Cotton  Mill;  Pawtucket. 

A.  P.  Crandall Residence;  Newport. 


South  Carolina. 

Valk  & Murdoch  Residence;  Charleston. 


Tremont  House 
James  F.  Starr. 


Texas. 


Wisconsin. 


Galveston. 

Residence;  Marshall. 


Pr.  N.  A.  Pennoyer 


Residence;  Kenosha. 


1337 


DurK&m  S y^Iem  of 
Hou^e  Dr&in&^e 


